The 2003 - 04 season heralded the first full commercialisation of cotton varieties in Australia with the Bollgard II gene from Monsanto. Bollgard II contains the insecticidal proteins Cry1Ac and Cry2A which provide control of Helicoverpa spp. under field conditions.Based on limited experience, a range of perceptions have been aired which suggest that there is a need to change the management of Bollgard II in comparison to conventional cotton to ensure full benefits are obtained from this technology. To verify or clarify the existence of these perceptions and to identify key Bollgard II management issues, the Australian Cotton CRC Extension Networks' Insect Focus Team undertook an industry wide investigation